Personalized medicine (PM) is increasingly recognized as a vital approach in geriatric healthcare, particularly as the global population ages and the burden of chronic, multi-morbid conditions rises. Older adults often present with complex health profiles that challenge conventional, one-size-fits-all treatment strategies. Personalized medicine addresses this complexity by tailoring medical interventions to individual characteristics, thereby enhancing therapeutic efficacy and minimizing adverse effects.
This review explores the expanding role of personalized medicine in the care of aging populations. It emphasizes the need for individualized care plans that account for age-related physiological changes, including altered pharmacokinetics, reduced organ function, immune senescence, and changes in body composition. The influence of genetic predispositions, environmental exposures, and lifestyle factors on disease progression and treatment response is also discussed.
In addition to traditional pharmacological approaches, this review highlights the growing importance of advanced therapies—such as gene therapy, cell-based treatments, targeted biologics, and RNA-based interventions—which offer new avenues for managing age-related diseases with high specificity and minimal systemic toxicity. These cutting-edge therapies, often guided by molecular and genomic profiling, hold promise for transforming chronic disease management in older adults. The review also addresses key ethical, financial, and logistical challenges to implementation, such as data privacy, accessibility, and cost-effectiveness. Finally, it outlines strategies to overcome these barriers and promote equitable integration of personalized and advanced therapies in geriatric medicine.